Ptosis
Ptosis is a uni-or bilateral descent of the upper eyelid as a result of a congenital or acquired lesion of the muscle or its innervation. Ptosis treatment is essentially surgical, the congenital type are usually operated (with some exceptions) around the age of three years, and those acquired in approximately six months of their debut.
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Blepharophimosis sindrome
Blepharophimosis is a complex eyelid malformation characterized by the abnormal narrowness of the palpebral fissure in the horizontal direction at 20 to 22 mm (normally 25-30). It occurs most often associated with three important conditions: ptosis, epicantus inversus, telecantus.
Other ophtalmic events associated with blepharophimosis: dysplastic eyelids (no eyelid fold and a thin skin); eyelid edge shaped like an “S” abnormal concavity of the lower eyelid orientated down with lateral ectropion; tear duct abnormalities caused by lateral movement, duplication or stenosis of the lacrimal point, amblyopia, strabismus, refraction defects; their incidence is higher in individuals with blepharophimosis than in general population.
It can also develop nystagmus and microphthalmia.
Minor characteristics: an enlarged saddle nose, ears implanted below, short upper lip.
Treatment is essentially surgical.
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Trichiasis
Trichiasis is a disease mainly acquired, characterized by normal static eyelid position and posterior orientation of the cilium (the genes) towards the eyeball, causing local corneo-conjunctival irritation with changes in visual acuity in later stages.
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Congenital eyelid Coloboma
Eyelid coloboma is a congenital defect, which occurs most frequently in the upper eyelid and is a partial lack of substance (fault) in full eyelid thickness. It appears on the free edge of the eyelid. It can be isolated or associated with other diseases and can take different forms. Treatment is essentially surgical and is performed in the first year of life.
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Oculo-palpebral dermoid cyst
Benign congenital tumor that is localized with predilection to external extremity of an eyebrow, formed from embryonic remnants.
Ectropion
An ectropion is a turning of the eyelid, a loss of contact between it and the eyeball; it happens most commonly to the lower lid. Ectropion may affect the eyelids completely or only partially. It can be congenital (from birth), of involution (senile) due to age, paralytic (as a result of facial paralysis) or scar (from an injury).
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Entropion
Entropion is characterized by inward twisting of the free edge of the eyelid. It occurs most often along with age (entropion of involution, senile), as a result of the weakening of certain muscles of the eyelid. It mainly affects the lower eyelid. But entropion can also be congenital (from birth) or scar (from of an injury).
Paralytic lagophthalmia
Apparent shortening of the upper eyelid with relaxation of the lower lid from a neurological cause, which prevents complete coverage of the eyeball.
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Tumors
Given their particular structure, the eyelids often have tumors. Tumors (Lat. tumor = swelling), is the result of uncontrolled and progressive cell growth. They may be malignant (cancerous) or benign.
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Dermatochalasis
Dermatochalasis is a very rare disorder characterized by loss of eyelid tissue elasticity, they become weaker, resulting in excess skin (like a crepe paper). It occurs most commonly in the upper eyelids, which can affect vision. Treatment is only surgical: blepharoplasty – excess skin is sometimes removed with portions of the underlying tissues. Healing is usually very good.
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